Does xDM provide a user interface with access to audit logs for data and how, when, where and by whom data was changed over time?

Yes, all data actions are audited and tracked over time. 

The default user interface for records management allows drilling down to the timeline of changes for auditing purposes to see how data was changed, by whom, under which events (workflows), and where (trace back to the source).

Hi Adam, there is an information icon near to all form fields when you hover the field. If you click on it, a right panel appears and includes the timeline tab mentionned by Cedric: 

I hope this helps.

Stéphanie.